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Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, often associated with excessive neuronal activity. Current antiepileptic drugs have limitations due to side effects and lack of efficacy in some patients, prompting the need for alternative therapies. This study investigates the antiepileptic potential of ethanolic extract of Mussaenda philippica (EEMP) flowers using maximal electroshock (MES) and isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsion models in Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids. In the MES model, EEMP significantly reduced seizure parameters including flexion, extension, clonus, stupor, and recovery time. It also improved percentage protection and increased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, indicating enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. In the INH-induced model, EEMP delayed seizure onset, reduced mortality, and demonstrated 100% protection in higher doses. Histopathological examination confirmed increased neuronal density and reduced brain damage. These effects are likely due to the flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of M. philippica, which may act by inhibiting GABA transaminase or promoting GABA synthesis. The results suggest that Mussaenda philippica possesses promising antiepileptic activity and may serve as a potential natural alternative for managing epilepsy.